Eco-Friendly Approaches in the Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles using Plant Extract: A Review

Abstract

The synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles has garnered significant interest due to their extensive applications in various fields such as electronics, photonics, and biomedicine. Traditional synthesis methods, however, often involve toxic chemicals and harsh conditions that pose environmental and health risks. This review paper focuses on eco-friendly approaches to the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles, emphasizing green chemistry principles. It explores the use of biological resources, including plant extracts, microorganisms, and biomolecules, as sustainable alternatives to conventional chemical methods. These green synthesis techniques not only reduce the reliance on hazardous substances but also offer advantages such as cost-effectiveness, biocompatibility, and the potential for large-scale production. The review highlights recent advancements, discusses the underlying mechanisms of green synthesis, and evaluates the physicochemical properties and applications of the resulting ZnO nanoparticles. By providing a comprehensive overview of eco-friendly synthesis strategies, this paper aims to underscore the importance of sustainable practices in nanotechnology and inspire further research in the development of safe and environmentally benign nanomaterials