Utilization of Agro-morphology and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) for examining genotypic diversity and seed quality characteristics of various Brassica juncea cultivars

Brassica juncea cultivars

Abstract

The study, conducted on twenty five genotypes of Brassica juncea L. in the Agricultural Research Institute (ARI) at Mingora, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, between October 2022 and May 2023.  The overarching objective was to provide valuable insights crucial for breeding initiatives, cultivation optimization, and enhancing the economic and nutritional values associated with Brassica juncea. The mean values analysis exhibited the maximum yield of 3522.2 kg/ha in genotype 108. The outcomes revealed substantial diversity in traits associated with germination, flowering, pod formation, and maturity, as well as notable variations in plant characteristics such as height, population, and 1000-seed weight. In this comprehensive investigation, the utilization of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) served as a powerful and non-invasive tool for examining genotypic diversity and seed quality characteristics within various Brassica juncea cultivars. The highest values calculated in a genotype 108 for seed oil percentage (49.99%), protein (36.3%) and oleic acid (57.66%). The maximum age (%) of moisture (8.3%) and least content of glucosinolate (74.66%) was exhibited by 2745. Linolenic acid and erucic acid were observed in highest amounts (18.77% and 24.33%) in 2740 and 114 genotypes, respectively. Genotype-specific analyses highlighted other cultivars with higher linolenic acid percentages were 855 and 106. Statistical analyses, including correlation coefficients and factor loadings, were employed to discern relationships among these traits. These findings bear practical implications, offering guidance for cultivar selection tailored to diverse local environments based on factors such as high yield and short duration. The research briefly delves into the genetic background of Brassica juncea, emphasizing its diploid and amphiploid nature, and acknowledges the reference genome assembly for Brassica juncea. In conclusion, this study makes a substantial contribution to the agricultural community by providing insights crucial for cultivar selection to improve both economic and nutritional outcomes.

KEYWORDS: Genotypic diversity, NIR Spectroscopy, Agro morphology, Seed quality, Cultivation optimization, Brassica juncea. Top of Form